Free flaps
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Pestana et al., 2009 [5]
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Case series
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Multiple indications: head and neck, breast, lower extremity
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1 partial flap loss
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N = 27 patients, 29 free tissue transfers
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Breast recon-struction
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Phillips et al., 2012 [12]
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Prospective study comparing ICG to fluorescein and clinical judgment
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Tissue expander-implant breast reconstruction
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ICG and fluorescein had sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 50% and 30%, respectively; negative predictive value for ICG and fluorescein was 88% and 82%, respectively.
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N = 32 patients, 51 breasts
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Newman et al., 2011 [6]
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Case series
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Breast reconstruction: single-pedicle TRAM
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ICG perfusion assessment identified perfusion zones; no issues with wound healing or tissue or fat necrosis.
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N = 20
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Komorowska-Timek and Gurtner, 2010 [1]
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Case series
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Breast reconstruction: tissue expander, latissimus dorsi flaps, DIEP/SIEA
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Tissue expander (n = 16), latissimus dorsi (n = 2), DIEP/SIEA (n = 6); complication rate: 4% with ICG vs. 15.1% in 206 previous reconstructions (n = 148; p < 0.01)
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N = 20 patients, 24 breasts
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Tamburrino et al., 2010 [17]
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Retrospective analysis
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Breast reconstruction: tissue expander or unilateral TRAM
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95% correlation between ICG imaging and clinical outcome, 100% sensitivity and 91% specificity.
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Tissue expander (n = 11 patients, 19 breasts)
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Unilateral TRAM (n = 1)
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Francisco et al., 2010 [52]
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Case series N = 5
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Breast reconstruction: DIEP
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No flap loss, fat necrosis, or take-backs
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Jones et al., 2009 [14]
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Case series
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Breast reconstruction: free and pedicle TRAM, DIEP, latissimus dorsi, and expander insertions.
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Of 5 patients with poor flap perfusion on ICG imaging, 4 developed necrosis and 1 blistering in a pattern predicted by ICG; necrosis rate of 6.3% vs. published rates of 15-25%.
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N = 43 patients, 64 breasts
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Newman & Samson, 2009 [11]
|
Case series
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Breast reconstruction: DIEP or free TRAM
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ICG detected marginal or poor perfusion in 4 cases; 3 were revised intraoperatively and the 1 that was not revised required return to OR for venous congestion. Flap survival was 100%.
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N = 8 patients, 10 breasts
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NAC evaluation
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Murray et al., 2010 [16]
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Case series
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Breast reduction surgery
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ICG used to demonstrate NAC perfusion and venous outflow during surgery.
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N = 12 patients, 22 breasts
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