| Open surgical | Minimally invasive | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Fusion |  | Fusion | ||
 | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) |  |
Operating room time | 100 | 163 (25) | 63 | 70 (24) | <.0001 |
Estimated blood loss | 138 | 288 (182) | 66 | 33 (27) | <.0001 |
Hospital length of stay | 137 | 5.1 (1.9) | 30 | 1.3 (0.5) | <.0001 |